The Ch'ien-lung emperor commissioned this portrait of the warrior Ayusi/ Ayuxi who had led successful attacks against the rebellious Dawats. The painter was Giuseppe Castiglione known as Lang Shi'ning in China (circa 1754) (Source: Wikimedia Commons)
The following sources provide overviews of Chinese history. They are a quick way to find out the basic facts and recent scholarly interpretations.
When using an article in an encyclopedia or handbook, always check the bibliography for further reading at the end of the article. It will provide a selective list of the books, articles, and, frequently, Web resources considered to be the most up-to-date and reliable.
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