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Citation

Information on Styles and Citation Managers

Chicago: More Help

Chicago: Notes and Bibliography

Notes and Bibliography format uses footnotes or endnotes, and a bibliography at the end fo the work. The first note includes the full citation information, and subsequent notes use a shortened form. This format is used by scholars in the arts, history, and humanities. Here are examples for a book and a journal article:

Notes

1. Zadie Smith, Swing Time (New York: Penguin Press, 2016), 315–16.

2. Susan Satterfield, “Livy and the Pax Deum,” Classical Philology 111, no. 2

(April 2016): 170.

Shortened notes

3. Smith, Swing Time, 320.

4. Satterfield, “Livy,” 172–73.

Bibliography entries (in alphabetical order)

Satterfield, Susan. “Livy and the Pax Deum.” Classical Philology 111,
no. 2 (April 2016): 165–76.

 

Smith, Zadie. Swing Time. New York: Penguin Press, 2016.

For more examples, see the full Notes and Bibliography style guide.

Chicago: Author-Date

Author-Date format uses parenthetical in-text citations, and a reference list at the end of the work. This format is used by scholars in the social sciences and sciences. Here are examples for a book and a journal article:

In-text citations

(Smith 2016, 315–160)

(Satterfield 2016, 170)

Reference list entries (in alphabetical order)

Satterfield, Susan. 2016. “Livy and the Pax Deum.” Classical Philology 111,
no. 2 (April): 165–76.

 

Smith, Zadie. 2016. Swing Time. New York: Penguin Press.

For more examples, see the full Author-Date style guide.