08-1975)On February 15, 1908, Robert Kenneth Carr was born in Cleveland, Ohio. Carr grew up to attend Dartmouth College in 1929 for his undergraduate and Harvard in 1930 and 1935 for his M.A. and Ph.D respectively. Afterward, he spent his time at many academic domains including the University of Oklahoma Norman, the Department of Government at Dartmouth, and the American Association of University Professors, acting as general secretary. He wrote three books as well: "The Supreme Court and Judicial Review," "Federal Protection of Civil Rights," and "The House Committee on Un-American Activities."
Most notably, Dr. Carr was the president of Oberlin College from 1960 to 1970, where he expanded the school physically and increased student involvement in college affairs. He also acted as executive director for President Truman’s Commission on Civil Rights.
Robert passed away in 1979 from a brain tumor at the age of 71. His legacy lives on in the pedagogical progress of his lifetime and through his three sons Norman, Elliot, and Robert, and seven grandchildren.
Below are images of the record we found Robert K. Carr's voice on. The attached audio is a discussion about civil rights recovered from one of the records. You can listen to the full recordings here: link1, link2
Below is a transcript of the audio from this record. It was transcribed by an AI speech recognition software and the audio itself has many artifacts, so there may be several mistakes. Please know that there may also be historically dated or culturally insensitive language. Discretion may be advised. The audio transcription is unedited, so please take any words that seem incorrect into context with the rest of them.
Record 5 Side A Audio Transcription - Robert K. CarrTranscribed through otter.ai One examines the decisions in the last quarter of a century for tests of civil rights by public offices will be found that the overwhelming majority of these cases have concerned interference from civil rights by state and local rather than by or community unable or unwilling to hold off. I think the federal government has an obligation to act. The 13th 14th amendments to the Constitution and expressed responsibility upon Congress protects the rights numerated in those amendments against state and local interference. The third argument for federal action is it a discredited evitable that a people should try to use the high moral of the whole society and dealing with the wayward tendencies take the analogy of a city wars. Crime, the length of the city doesn't hesitate for a moment, community resources dealing with a problem. Extra police officers are poured into the war. city wide ordinance which reflect the higher moral tone found in the ward on both. In the long run efforts will inevitably have to be made to rehabilitate the ward itself leads the people who live there themselves to the air of their way. Almost certainly steps must be taken to improve economic and social conditions in the war. For a permanent solution can be found with suppliers the immediate crisis concerned the city as a whole deal promptly with In other words, the many and various components that make up the moral fiber of the major strength and resiliency cannot be met. Some of the Americans have shown a deeper understanding free democracy and a higher regard civil rights in the nation of large, sometimes known as members of Section not slip that greater sense of responsibility to work protecting our basic rights. Fourth argument for federal civil rights arises out of the international situation. Whether we like it or not, our American civil rights record has become an international issue. Those who worked for civil rights committee saw evidence whenever a lynching has occurred in this country in recent years. The word has echoes from one end of the globe to the other 24 or 48 hours. People all over the world. I'm looking at the national government of the United States, for an explanation as the house of the stalking event can occur in civilized land wasn't that they have looked to the national government for taking remedial steps to prevent the return. More than one American diplomat attending an international conference or working in the agencies of the United Nations, has been embarrassed to present democracy to foreign land peoples by the reply made by his colleagues from other countries in certain parts of the United States three elections. But the man is Secretary of State James F. Byrne, coming to the dead in South Carolina was particularly vulnerable. Recently, our attention has been called when American civil rights problems which has had great significance. And I think California is in Asian land law made it possible for Japanese and other Oriental aliens in the United States who are eligible under national law for American citizens to own or occupy agricultural lands. The law was passed by to the fact that three different presidents of the United States floors the California legislature not to take back Fear of the recent past might follow. 35 years later, the Supreme Court passed on the constitutionality of this California alien land law. And in one of the opinions stated, passage of the law was an international incident. The Japanese government made an immediate protest on the grounds to step in the case of unfriendly. Indeed, the resentment was so violent inside Japan. The demands were made or be declared against the Nazis. anti American education grew rapidly. Without taxes attached to this law by California in 1930, was one of the things that led the Japanese people to develop a sense of unfriendly, not peaceful for the United States. As it was a factor in the rise, power and military totalitarian led that unhappy nation Jonathan Ross was back and forth to the rest of the world. Who couldn't be certain similar acts by other American states or communities, today giving similar offenses performed under the possibility that there was profitable action by some of our people may well do grave damage Wallace young man about to join the armed forces may be called upon to risk his life fighting a war, one of the causes of which can be traced back to policy followed by American states or their negros citizens. They're Orientals. They're Indians that that young man needs to ask himself, how much longer the nation at large can permit these sections claim the right to overcome their prejudice in their own time, and in their own way. As a nation in a troubled world, we cannot wait for our slowest state, or our most backward community put its house in order and see to it that all freedoms are guaranteed, while people as we compete this communist or the friendship of colored people throughout the world, we need to remember, two thirds of the world's population is colored. We must be prepared to show them that American democracy involves no discrimination against colored people that we do not maintain a second class. We do not maintain a second class to the same a second class to the same a second class to the same a second class to the same a second class to the same a second class citizen as a second color. Code again from a report the Southern Regional Council illustrates the extent to which people in the South have come to realize the need for a federal civil rights program. Going out of the International discrimination in any part of our country works through this credit of the whole nation and international relations. We must make it quite clear that our national policy is firmly oppose discrimination many times look convincing way to demonstrate this back to sue our national congress was the only body representing our people as a whole. But it is at least arguable that even when there is doubt of the complete effectiveness of a particular measure, it may be desirable as an affirmation of national policy. Probably no legislation is ever passed with unanimous support every group. Often it is necessary to defer the wishes of a particular group rather than to apply force. But when the national welfare is seriously involved, there should be no question. Regional sedation, group interests or whatever should voluntarily yield the broader necessity. The entire nation cannot stand back legislative act, until its most reluctant areas are persuaded. Or fallacies with statements of Negroes are satisfied with segregation deeds that they prefer. But accordingly, efforts to end it are misguided. This sort of statement is also incapable of statistical methods are just undoubtedly some of the 15 million American Negroes are content that segregated law. There are unquestionably some legal leaders in the south seemingly that segregation, and you are content to argue that maintenance is equal facilities on their side of the line. There is good reason to wonder what is this stand by Southern negro leaders is not a matter of strategy on their part, or whether some of them indeed have not become the captain, southern white leaders. In general, all responsible legal leaders and organizations outside the south are vigorously opposed segregation. And that made their position clear again and again. They regard segregation as the white man's assault, the final bag, their alleged inferiority. Anyone who works, the Civil Rights Committee came in touch with responsible legal leaders does not help but be impressed by their seriousness of purpose with respect, their sense of indignation, frustration, their feeling of quiet desperation. Making that sort of statement I do not mean in any sense, killing the loyalty of these ego leaders, the American way of life. plain common sense dictates that no individual sense of loyalty, or a way of life, to be pressed too hard, where the group fails to treat him with elements of decency, or justice. The ego wants full acceptance as a first class American citizen, you want to read mainstream American life. Anyone denied this is either a full or what is worse is the need to further arguments to persuade the Civil Rights Committee that segregation must go unnoticed. For arguments at the level of committee felt that segregation is contrary to the highest ideals of American democracy, in particular, the ideal of individuals, the belief in the integrity of work the individual man. American individualism means anything. That means that we should not judge a man because it's difficult characteristic, or because this membership in a racial group matters over which he has no control, not affect or effect, that we should judge him in the light of his personal qualities and abilities. His industry, the willingness to cooperate, sense of responsibility, and self love. Another way of putting the same argument is to say that segregation is immoral, because it keeps people apart, prevents them from learning by experience, living and working together. skin color, or religious belief are largely irrelevant considerations in determining a man's worth. Wherever experiments have been made in recent years and interracial activities, this proof that's been demonstrated. For example, a year or so ago, The New York Times could have just saved, maybe did some Major General Charles W. Lawrence, the airport was reporting on the interest in interracial experiment, which was then getting underway at the Lackland Air Force Base, Texas, where some 26,000 men were receiving basic training during a 13 week period. He said, the integration of the base was accomplished with complete permanent orders went through completely no segregation among the trainees on a certain date. And when that date arrived, the segregation was ended. No unpleasant incidents and the white boy and the Negro boys and the training are getting along well together. Now in this and similar interracial experiments, the findings seem to show that were men of different races, religions and nationalities who live and work together. Prejudice and intolerance, at least begin to decline and an understanding of the importance of the individual in his own right, as against his membership in the group, grow. Look this argument somewhat differently. We need to narrow the gap between our principles and our practices. less distorted dry rot undermine the moral fiber of our society. Less the knowledge We are not living up to our ideals, SAP our strength, stamina, or causes to lose lose confidence in our own way of life. Not long ago, The Washington Post reported on a state meeting of the Virginia Baptist general associate associate, seemed to the committee on resolution had submitted the following statement, the General Conference for consideration and adoption of the text of the resolution. We confess that we are prejudiced on this question of segregation byte of the desires has come to us at times to be otherwise. We believe that most Baptists are likewise tragic. We confess that we are fearful that we are afraid for political or ecclesiastical or social reasons follow the way of Christ. We believe that most Baptists are likewise fearful and afraid. We confess to God our sins in this matter, and plead to God to make us more willing to be Christ life in our relations while racist. Not surprisingly, the General Conference refrained from adopting the resolution. Nonetheless, it reflects very well the sense of insecurity that overtakes decent people. As they become increasingly aware of the gaps that remain between principle and practice in American life. Robert Weaver has written in his bargain, the Negro ghetto. Those who segregate others, soon become frightened, insecure people, forced to accept and invent prejudice to justify their actions. They become hypocrites, who either close their eyes to stark reality or invent slogans to hide fundamental issues. The master classes no less than the projected become victims of Booker T. Washington once put the same thought in these striking words. The white man cannot keep the Negro in the gutter without getting there himself. Secondly, the civil rights committee felt that segregation must be ended, because of the demonstrated fact. The so called separate but equal experiments have ended in failure. To separate but equal policy is the best rationalization which the advocates of segregation have advanced. According to this policy, it is proper to segregate people because of the color of their skin while affording them social facilities and services equal to those made available unsegregated People... |
Record 5 Side B Audio Transcription - Robert K. CarrTranscribed through Microsoft Word Yes. Possibility for combating laws such as...The New Georgia State Law on public education. I don't know. I'm not a Georgian and certainly Georgia seems to present the problem these days to be stored in the newspapers are accurately. Act. Laws being enacted by the Georgia Legislature certainly fly in the face of recent Supreme Court decisions that ******* must be admitted at the Graduate School level of universities in the failure in the absence of. Graduate School for *******, which fully meet the tested equality as I suggested, department laid down such extreme tests there for equality that seemed utterly inconceivable, that stepless equal graduate schools can be established. I believe the Georgia Legislature has enacted a law that would withhold. Many state institutions. State funds, where ******* are admitted at any point in the institution's program, receives success, for example, that if the University of did follow Supreme Court. And admitted *****, shall we stage with medical school or law school as it has been school? That would result in an immediate cessation of state funds to the universities. What that will mean remains to be seen. I think George is coming very close to the situation where people will have to face the. Issue there are. A great many people in Georgia, we certainly don't agree with the program of governor. One further difficulty, if I may mention it is that Georgia seemingly has one of the worst rotten barrel systems. This is to be found in the country, that is, it has so rigged its election system that is difficult for the majority of the people to speak their minds and then to elect public officers who will reflect their point of view. Georgia must first change its system of the elect. Is in public officers. On your phone. Yes. Education or equivalent summary determination. OK. First time they dodge that answering that question did by saying to. Members of the. Right. And that he found that as exceedingly difficult. They were divided almost down the middle. There was a group of members on the committee that were very much inclined to favor withholding any federal grants in aid from states which maintaining. Segregated institutions, so that is to place a full visions on the youth of any federal funds turned over to the state departure segregated social services. The other half of the committee felt that the best way to make progress perhaps, is to stimulate the flow of federal funds into. Who states that have unfortunate racial practices to educate them, and improving the economic situation in those states, providing better social services to raise up the general education and moral levels to a point where the communities themselves but to deal with their profits? I don't know. I think in in the. And if one's going to be completely realistic to past Earth, it's utterly. Inconceivable that Congress will pass any sort of subtle aid to education law providing for a withholding of federal funds where institutions are maintained on each of the moments there, as we must make progress. Slowly and favor. That. Middle Age education program that would, for the moment, allow those states with segregated patterns remain. Yes. |
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