Boolean operators:
AND, OR, NOT allow you to limit or expand searches depending on your needs.
![]() Beethoven AND reception |
![]() piano OR klavier |
![]() Ludwig NOT Johann (Beethoven's father) |
Phrase searching:
An important strategy to employ when searching phrasal concepts or conducting known-item searches for titles:
Nested Searching:
When pairing two or more keywords with another keyword, it is helfpul to "nest" the former terms within a larger Boolean search.
Truncation and Wildcards:
Most catalogs and databases enable users to search variations of keywords by using truncation (*) or wildcard (e.g., ?, $, !) symbols.