When researching and writing your paper, be careful to note your sources.
In the text of your paper, you can cite a source with either a:
The following gives a good explanation of the difference between quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing and shows how to do each effectively.
APA, MLA and Chicago are three common citation styles in the humanities and social sciences. For this class you will be using APA Style.
APA Style:
The Tri-Co Guide to APA Style and this Quick Guide from Penn State show how to cite sources using APA style.
Here are some other useful cites for citing particular formats:
Referencing figures and tables and images using APA Style.
Referencing websites using APA Style.
Use this Quick Guide for more information on citing various types of sources.
Magazine article (print):
Dokoupil, T. (2007, October 22). Polarizing bears no more. Newsweek, 150(17), 16.
Newspaper article (print):
Henry, C. (2009, May 19). N.J. bill would require coverage for autism. The Philadelphia Inquirer, pp. A1, A4.
Newspaper article (electronic):
Krauss, C. (2007, October 18). Seeing sugar’s future in fuel. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com
Journal article with DOI (electronic):
Wanko, N.S., Brazier, C.W., Young-Rogers, D., Dunbar, V.G., Boyd, B., George, C.D.,…Cook, C.G. (2004). Exercise preferences and barriers in urban African Americans with type 2 diabetes. The Diabetes Educator, 30(3), 502-513. doi:10.1177/014572170403000322
Journal article without DOI (electronic):
Chuang, Y. (2005). Neighborhood watch: Power, conflict and urban local politics. Taiwan Journal of Anthropology, 3(2), 79-114. Retrieved from http://www.asia-studies.com/2tja.html
Blog post
Inniss, J.P. (2009, September 7). When is silence golden? [Web log post]. Retrieved from http://nortonbooks.typepad.com/everydaysociology/
*Please note: The second and subsequent lines of a reference are indented (not shown here due to system limitations).
In-text citations tell your readers where you’ve gotten your information by referring them to a source in your references list.
Basic format: (author’s last name, year of publication)
where author is one of the authors in your references list.
Example:
If this is the item on the References page…
Scroop, D. (2002). September 11th, Pearl Harbor and the uses of Presidential power. Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 15(2), 317-327
…then these are examples of the in-text citation:
The world sees the American presidents, not other legislative leaders, as the leaders of America (Scroop, 2002).
-OR-
Scroop (2002) believes that the world sees the American presidents, not other legislative leaders, as the leaders of America.
If an exact quotation is used, page number must be included:
It is American presidents, not other legislative leaders, who “personify American leadership in the eyes of the world” (Scroop, 2002, p.1).
Citation Builders
There are a number of citation builders available to help you format your citations into a style such as MLA, APA or many others. Here are a few to try:
Citation Managers
Citation Managers can help you to format your bibliography, keep your citations organized and store articles by whatever subject headings you choose.
Zotero: The Tri-College Libraries recommend Zotero, a free online app. Articles are stored in the cloud so you can access them later from wherever you like.
Zotero: A How-To Guide will give you all the information you need to get started.
The TriCo Citation Guide gives more information on citation managers and builders.
What is Plagiarism?
Plagiarism involves quoting or paraphrasing the ideas of others without adequately citing your sources.
How to Avoid Plagiarism
Plagiarism can be done intentionally or accidentally. Here is some good advice for avoiding plagiarism.