If you search a catalog or database and receive a large number of results, add a limit or additional keyword in order to retrieve a manageable and relevant number of results to review. At the same time overly narrow search terms can return too few results. One way of solving both problems is to use Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT), which allow you to limit or expand searches depending on your needs.
For example, a search for congress AND partisan will return items that contain both concepts":
partisan* OR polariz* returns items that contain either one of the concepts or both:
united states NOT latin america returns items that talk about the United States of America but do not mention Latin America:
Phrase searching:
An important strategy to use when searching for phrases ("decision making") or titles:
For example, "Is Bipartisanship Dead"
will search for those words in that order, finding the 2015 book Is Bipartisanship Dead? Policy Agreement and Agenda-setting in the House of Representatives
Truncation and Wildcards:
Most catalogs and databases enable users to search variations of keywords by using truncation (*) or wildcard (e.g., ?, $, !) symbols.
For example, one could search for politic* to find poltic, politics, political, politicking, and so on.
Wildcard searches are for differences within words: a search for wom?n will return results for woman, women, and womyn.
Nested Searching:
When pairing two or more search terms with others, it is important to "nest" the former terms within a larger Boolean search.
(congress* OR senat* OR house) [Subject] AND (partisan* OR extrem* OR polariz*) [Keyword] AND ("united states") [Subject] will return results for the union of the three subject areas
Results include:
Anderson, Sarah E. Rejecting Compromise: Legislators' Fear of Primary Voters. Cambridge University Press, 2020.
Green, Matthew. Legislative hardball : the House Freedom Caucus and the power of threat-making in Congress. Cambridge University Press, 2019.
Clark, Jennifer Hayes. Minority Parties in U.S. Legislatures : Conditions of Influence. University of Michigan Press, 2015.