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HIST 067T: Pandemic of Cigarette Smoking (SC)

History 067T: Pandemic of Cigarette Smoking - Habit, Addiction, and Public Health in the American Tobacco Archives (Armus) Spring 2023
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Truth Tobacco Industry Documents Archive

The Truth Tobacco Industry Documents Archive provides access to:

"...tobacco industry internal corporate documents produced during litigation between US States and the seven major tobacco industry organizations and other sources. These internal documents give a view into the workings of one of the largest and most influential industries in the United States."

This archive includes over 15 million documents including advertisements, tobacco company internal memos, transcripts of court depositions, television commercial videos, archived websites, and more.

>> More about the tobacco litigation documents

>> Examples of articles and books written using these documents

Here are notes taken by a Phillip Morris (tobacco company) employee at a meeting in November 1978. At this meeting, legal counsel advise the industry to continue funding tobacco-related research to show that "we don't think the case against smoking is closed."

shows portion of draft meeting notes document

 

Seligman, RB. Meeting in New York - November 15, 1978 [Privlog:] REDACTED PORTIONS OF PHILIP MORRIS EMPLOYEE'S FILE NOTES FROM MEETING WITH PHILIP MORRIS COUNSEL (SHINN). 1978 November 17. Philip Morris Records; Master Settlement Agreement; Congressman Bliley Philip Morris Collection. https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/mgld0059

This report was produced in 1985 to advise cigarette brands on marketing to Black, Hispanic, and military customers. See "Summary of Opportunities" and "Strategic Considerations" in each section for insight into how tobacco companies targeted these communities.

handwritten text on scan of marketing report from 1985

 

R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company. Special Market Analysis: Black, Hispanic, Military. 1984 June 20. Joe Camel Collection. https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/jhbf0092

Search Shortcuts

One way to focus on relevant documents for researching Marlboro advertising is limiting your search to the Phillip Morris settlement documents. Look under Search Options for Master Settlement Agreement, then choose Phillip Morris.

Examples:

Most documents in the TTDL have been tagged with a document type, such as a letter or an advertisement. You can use document types to find sources that have the kind of perspective you're looking for. For example, you might look at letters, emails, or presentations to find internal company perspectives.
 

Direct communications


Meetings


Planning documents

You can find a significant amount of advertising and other public-facing documents in the TTDL. There are also easier-to-navigate collections of tobacco company advertising, see Other Tobacco Document Collections.

 

Public-facing materials

Documents in the Phillip Morris Records collection have not been tagged by country, which makes it harder to find materials about a specific place.

 

Tips for finding documents about your country:

Use secondary sources to narrow down document dates

  • Find out when the company or campaign was active in the country you're interested in.
  • Limit your search to documents with dates that make sense.

Require that document text include both the country name and the country adjective

Or try searching only within document titles. This can help pull up documents centrally focused on your country.

Eliminate irrelevant results using NOT

How to Find Relevant Documents

Choosing good keywords

What words are likely to appear in the documents that you want to read?

Language changes over time, so consider the language your historical actors might have used. Looking at example documents from the time can be helpful for figuring this out. Also consider the tone and writing style used in different kinds of documents.  

 

Keyword choice example:

Let's say you're interested in studying 1990s tobacco marketing to Black communities in the US. You might try searching for: "African American" menthol

  • These keywords include terms that were in use during the time period being studied.
  • Use what you know to choose keywords. For example, menthol makes a good keyword since menthol cigarettes were heavily marketed to Black consumers.
  • Search engine tip: By enclosing the two-word phrase ("African American") in quotation marks, your results will only include documents with the exact phrase "African American" as opposed to those two words in any order.

Filter your results by type of document

The Type filter lets you find particular kinds of documents and perspectives.

You might want to try a few different document Types and see what you find. For example, if you use the Advertisement filter, you might also want to try the Video filter (to see TV commercials), the Graphics filter, or the Advertising Copy filter.

How to apply multiple filters at once:
You can use Advanced Search to search for a keyword and limit your results to certain document types.

Example search: title:(secondhand smoke) AND type:(Advertisement OR Video OR Graphics OR "Advertising Copy")